Malcolm Turnbull became Australia's latest Prime Minister yesterday, joining 27 men and one woman who have led the country. This is how they have been remembered, adapted from official records at the National Archives of Australia.
EDMUND BARTON 1901-1903 Federation was Barton's "one great thing". One of the key architects of Australia's Constitution, Barton became the new nation's first Prime Minister at a grand ceremony in Centennial Park, Sydney, on   January 1st, 1901.
ALFRED DEAKIN 1903-1904, 1905-1908, 1909-1910 Deakin was in office three times in the first 10 years of Federation. Often referred to as "the constructor", his work in building soundly on the nation's constitutional foundations is evident a century later.
CHRIS WATSON 1904 Australia's first Labor Prime Minister held office for only four months in 1904, but his imprint on legislation extended through the first decade of the Australian parliament. He was a founder and one of the principal shapers of the Australian Labor Party. 
GEORGE REID 1904-1905 Reid was Leader of the Opposition for six of the first seven years of the Australian parliament. He held office for less than a year.
ANDREW FISHER 1908-09, 1910-13, 1914-15 Several important projects were undertaken under Fisher's leadership. The Royal Australian Navy was established, the Commonwealth Bank was set up, the Northern Territory of South Australia was transferred to the Commonwealth, the federal capital of Canberra was founded, and the construction of the trans-Australian railway line linking Perth to the other capitals was begun.
JOSEPH COOK 1913-1914 Cook was Australia's sixth Prime Minister, taking office with a Liberal Party majority of only one seat in the House of Representatives. On leaving politics, he served as Australia's third High Commissioner in London from 1921 to 1927.
WILLIAM MORRIS HUGHES 1915-1923 No parliamentarian has surpassed Hughes' 51 years and 7 months of continuous service as a member of Australia's House of Representatives. His campaign for conscription during the 1914-18 war split the Labor Party and affected political alignment in Australia for the next half century.
STANLEY MELBOURNE BRUCE 1923-29 Australia's eighth Prime Minister is also the second youngest. He was a decorated war hero before he became Prime Minister in 1923.
JAMES SCULLIN 1929-1932 Australia's ninth Prime Minister was unlucky in his timing. The New York Stock Exchange failure - the Wall Street crash - took place in the first week of Scullin's government. He faced the crisis of economic depression by attempting to manage a failing economy while implementing Labor reforms.
JOSEPH LYONS 1932-1939 Lyons was the first Australian Prime Minister to die in office. His cautious and orthodox financial management transformed him from a dissident Labor minister to a conservative Prime Minister.
EARLE PAGE 1939 Page was Prime Minister for only 20 days, from   April 7-26, 1939 after Lyons' death.
ROBERT MENZIES 1939-1941, 1949-1966 Menzies was Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister. He held the office twice, from 1939 to 1941 and from 1949 to 1966. Altogether he was Prime Minister for more than 18 years, still a record term. During his second period in office the ANZUS and SEATO treaties were signed, Australian troops were sent to support US-led forces in Korea, and Australia made its first commitment of combat forces to Vietnam.
ARTHUR FADDEN 1941 Fadden was Prime Minister from   August 29 to   October 7, 1941. As well as his "40 days and 40 nights" in office, he was acting Prime Minister for periods totalling nearly two years during his coalition governments with Menzies.
JOHN CURTIN 1941-45 Australia's 14th Prime Minister is widely regarded as one of the greatest. Curtin's achievement rests on his leadership of the nation during much of World War II. Curtin's rejection of the British strategy for Australian troops enabled the successful defence of New Guinea. And, in a remarkable move, he put US General Douglas MacArthur in charge of Australia's defence forces.
FRANCIS FORDE 1945 Forde was Prime Minister for only eight days,   July 6-13, 1945, after the death of Curtin.
BEN CHIFLEY 1945-1949 A railway engine driver in his home town of Bathurst, New South Wales, Chifley became one of the most highly regarded of Australia's Prime Ministers. As Prime Minister he introduced national projects such as the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme and the assisted immigration program.
HAROLD HOLT 1966-1967 The third Prime Minister to die in office, Holt is widely remembered for the unusual circumstances of his death while swimming off the Victorian coast in   December 1967.
JOHN MCEWEN 1967-1968 McEwen was Prime Minister from   December 19, 1967 to   January 10, 1968 following the death of Holt. His term as Prime Minister came near the end of his 37 years in parliament.
JOHN GORTON 1968-1971 On   January 10 1968, Gorton became the 19th Prime Minister, in unusual circumstances. He was elected Liberal Party leader to replace Holt, who was presumed dead after going missing while swimming off the Victorian coast.
WILLIAM MCMAHON 1971-1972 McMahon was first elected to parliament in 1949, and held the seat of Lowe, in Sydney, for 33 years until his retirement in 1982.
GOUGH WHITLAM 1972-1975 Whitlam became Australia's 21st Prime Minister on   December 5, 1972. His Labor government, the first after more than two decades, set out to change Australia through a wide-ranging reform program. Whitlam's term abruptly ended when his government was dismissed by the Governor-General on   November 11, 1975.
MALCOLM FRASER 1975-1983 Fraser, Australia's 22nd Prime Minister, began his term as caretaker Prime Minister on   November 11, 1975, after Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismissed Whitlam's Labor government. The Fraser Coalition government was returned with the largest landslide of any federal election, a month later, and remained in office until 1983.
ROBERT HAWKE 1983-1991 With eight years in office, Hawke was Australia's longest-serving Labor Prime Minister. He became Prime Minister after only two years in parliament, and only one month as Leader of the Opposition. Building on his success as trade union president, Hawke established consensus with unions and business to stabilise wage growth, improve the ability of business to compete in global markets and to deregulate the Australian economy and promote growth.
PAUL KEATING 1991-1996 Keating was Australia's 24th Prime Minister and held office from   December 20, 1991 to   March 11, 1996. As Treasurer and as Prime Minister, Keating transformed Australia's financial system and economy.
JOHN HOWARD 1996-2007 Australia's 25th Prime Minister served from   March 11, 1996 until   December 3, 2007, the second-longest prime ministerial term after Robert Menzies. As Prime Minister, Howard led a government with a wide reform agenda, initiated by the sale of Telstra, the nation's chief telecommunications carrier. A key economic reform was the introduction of a goods and services tax.
KEVIN RUDD 2007-2010, 2013 Rudd, Australia's 26th Prime Minister, held office from   December 3, 2007 to   June 24, 2010, and for 11 weeks in 2013. He issued a national apology to the Stolen Generations of Indigenous Australians taken from their families under previous administrations.
JULIA GILLARD 2010-2013 On   June 24, 2010 Gillard became Australia's 27th Prime Minister and the first woman to hold the office. The National Disability Insurance Scheme was one of her landmark policy achievements during her time in office.
TONY ABBOTT 2013-2015 Abbott held office for less than two years, losing the Prime Ministership he won at the 2013 election in a party ballot. He was proud to have stopped asylum boats reaching Australia from Indonesia.
MALCOLM TURNBULL 2015-Australia's 29th Prime Minister is a former leader of the Australian Republican movement. He had previously been Opposition leader, but was ousted in 2009 after failing to convince the Liberal Party of the merits of a carbon emission trading scheme.