This weekend more than 150 world leaders will converge on New York for the United Nations' Sustainable Development Summit.
This will see nations adopt a raft of new Sustainable Development Goals, which cover everything from poverty, hunger, education, gender equality and clean water.
They replace the Millenium Development Goals, which have a 2015 deadline. 
According to Australia's Megan Davis, chairwoman of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, the new goals will be "really relevant and significant for Aboriginal Australia".
Praising them as "holistic", Professor Davis said the goals focus more on Indigenous people than the previous millenium targets. But she warned, "we are not doing enough and have a long way to go" to meet them.
Here are four of the goals for 2030 and Australia's progress so far:
1. Reduce by at least half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty
According to ACOSS's 2014 Poverty in Australia report, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were far more likely to experience poverty than other Australians.
As of 2011, 19.3 per cent of Indigenous people were living below the poverty line, compared to 12.4 per cent of other Australians.
Indigenous Australians are also over-represented when it comes to accessing income support. They make up about 3 per cent of the population, but nearly 9 per cent of those on Newstart and 16 per cent of those on Youth Allowance.
2. End preventable deaths of newborns and children under five years of age 
Australia already has its own Closing the Gap target to halve the gap in mortality rates for Indigenous children under five by 2018. This measure is currently rated as being "achievable", with the gap dropping by 35 per cent between 1998 and 2013.
But the Australian Human Rights Commission says the situation remains "unacceptable". Between 2009 and 2013, 621 Indigenous children died. This is 1.9 times the non-Indigenous rate.
A major ongoing issue is that as of 2011, babies born to Indigenous mothers are twice as likely to have a low birth weight (a major indicator of good health and survival).
3. Ensure that all girls and boys complete primary and secondary education
As of 2014, Australia was "on track" to halve the gap for young Indigenous Australians completing year 12. Nationally, the proportion of 20-24 year old Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders who finished school jumped from 45 per cent in 2008 to 59 per cent in 2012-13.
This comes amid a new emphasis on school attendance. While the numbers vary depending on how old a child is or where they go to school, the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous attendance can be as high as 30 per cent.
Australian governments want to close this gap by 2018.
4. Ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults achieve literacy and numeracy 
Australia is currently "not on track" to meet the COAG target to halve the gap in reading, writing and numeracy for Indigenous students.
There has been "no overall progress" in Indigenous reading and numeracy since 2008 - based on the outcomes of NAPLAN testing.
There is a difference between city and non-city students, however.
In 2014, 86 per cent of Indigenous students in metropolitan areas at least met the minimum standards for year 7 reading. This dropped to 35 per cent for Indigenous students in very remote areas.
Professor Davis said that other goals critical to Australia include boosting the political empowerment of women and ending violence, having more Indigenous people in decision making roles and land ownership.