It was the wine Max Schubert declared as his greatest triumph.
Now, more than four decades later, the legendary Penfolds 1971 Grange has topped a tasting of the world's greatest wines of the 1970s, beating some of France's most famous wine estates on the way.
Wines worth in excess of $500,000 were sourced from around the world, at a special event commissioned by European luxury magazine publisher FINE and website tastingbook.com. Judges from nine different countries were on hand to assess and score the wines. 
Penfolds 1971 Grange topped the list, scoring 98.5 out of a possible 100 points, to narrowly beat Chateau Y'quem 1975 from Sauternes, which scored 98 points. Rhone red Guigal La Mouline 1976 came third with a score of 97.5 points.
French wines dominated, with eight of the top 10 positions, but Penfolds Grange managed to snare four spots inside the top 40. The 1976  Grange came 14th (96.5 points), the 1972 Grange 25th (95.5 points) and the 1970 Grange came 36th (94.5 points).
Peter Gago, head winemaker at Penfolds and the man now entrusted to make Grange, says the result is an "incredibly proud moment" for Australia's most famous wine estate.
 "I almost fell off my chair when I heard," Gago says. "This isn't just competing with wines of one vintage or from one country. This is competing with the greatest wines from an entire decade, sourced from the whole world, and including some of the greatest vintages in the history of Bordeaux and Champagne.
"It was a blind tasting, too, with an international panel of judges, which removes any suggestion of bias. To have Australian wines not just compete, but top the list, is an incredibly proud moment for us."
It's not the first time the 1971 Grange has bettered the French at their own game. In 1979, Penfolds caused a sensation in France when the upstart Australian winery topped the Gault-Millau Wine Olympiad in Paris. The1971 Grange beat some of the best Rhone wines ever made.
"If you had to point to a wine which fulfilled the ambitions of Grange it would have to be the 1971," Schubert remarked in 1993, just months before he passed away.
According to the tasting notes, the 1971 Grange is "medium deep brick red" and "an immensely complex and mature wine with lifted smoked meat, dark chocolate, mocha and liquorice aromas".
The 1971 Grange is a blend of 87 per cent shiraz and 13 per cent cabernet sauvignon grapes, which were sourced from the Kalimna Vineyard in the Barossa Valley, and Magill Estate in Adelaide, Clare Valley and Coonawarra. The wine has an unusually low alcohol of around 12.3 per cent, which may have helped contribute to its incredible longevity.
Schubert was sent to Jerez in Spain in 1949 to study sherry production and the making of fortified wines, which dominated Australian wine sales in the mid 20th century. He only travelled to Bordeaux as part of a private side trip on his way back to Australia. While in Bordeaux, he visited some of the great first growth estates, including Ch&acirc;teau Lafite Rothschild, Ch&acirc;teau Latour and Ch&acirc;teau Margaux.
History shows the Australian learned much on that trip. At the latest judging, his Grange wines beat out all three of those famous estates, even from the legendary 1970 and 1975 Bordeaux vintages.
Gago points out that the 1971 Grange almost never came into being.
Schubert made his first vintage of Grange in 1951. "He was then told by management to stop making it, but secretly he defied orders and made three vintages on the side," Gago says. "Just as well for me he did that."
In the end, the company acquiesced to Schubert's request to make fine table wines.
The Penfolds 1971 Grange sells for upwards of $1500 a bottle, if you can find one. "It's a very rare wine these days," Gago says.
The latest 2011 Grange, marking 40 years since the release of Schubert's seminal wine, is due for release on   October 15.

The top 40 from the 1970s
(as ranked by the FINE blind tasting)
1. Penfolds Grange 1971 - 98.5 points
2. Ch&acirc;teau d&acute;Yquem 1975 - 98.0 points
3. Guigal La Mouline 1976 - 97.5 points
4. Heitz Martha&acute;s Vineyard 1974 - 97.5 points
5. DRC La T&acirc;che 1978 - 97.5 points
6. Ch&acirc;teau Lafleur 1971 - 97.5 points
7. Dom P&eacute;rignon 1975 Oenoth&egrave;que - 97.0 points
8. Ch&acirc;teau Cheval Blanc 1971 - 97.0 points
9. Piper Heidsieck Rare 1976 - 97.0 points
10. DRC Montrachet 1978 - 97.0 points
11. Dom Perignon P3 1973 - 97.0 points
12. Comte de Vogue Musigny 1979 - 97.0 points
13. Dom P&eacute;rignon 1976 - 96.5 points
14. Penfolds Grange 1976 - 96.5 points
15. Guigal La Landonne 1978 - 96.5 points
16. Chave Hermitage 1978 - 96.5 points
17. Jaboulet Hermitage La Chapelle 1978 - 96.5 points
18. Leroy Richebourg 1972 - 96.5 points
19. Ch&acirc;teau Trotanoya 1978 - 96.0 points
20. Vega Sicilia Unico 1970 - 96.0 points
21. DRC Roman&eacute;e Conti 1973 - 96.0 points
22. Jayer &Eacute;ch&eacute;zeaux 1978 - 95.5 points
23. Roederer Cristal 1978 - 95.5 points
24. Dom P&eacute;rignon 1971 - 95.5 points
25. Penfolds Grange 1972 - 95.5 points
26. Ch&acirc;teau Haut-Brion 1970 - 95.5 points
27. Veuve Clicquot Vinoteque Ros&eacute; 1979 - 95.5 points
28. Heitz Martha&acute;s Vineyard 1970 - 95.0 points
29. Ch&acirc;teau P&eacute;trus 1971 - 95.0 points
30. Ch&acirc;teau d&acute;Yquem 1979 - 95.0 points
31. Ren&eacute; Fleurot Le Montrachet 1978 - 95.0 points
32. Ch&acirc;teau Margaux 1970 - 95.0 points
33. Vega Sicilia Unico 1974 - 95.0 points
34. Dom P&eacute;rignon 1973 - 95.0 points
35. Vega Sicilia Unico 1972 - 95.0 points
36. Penfolds Grange 1970 - 94.5 points
37. Ch&acirc;teau Margaux 1971 - 94.5 points
38. Fonseca's Vintage Port 1975 - 94.5 points
39. Ch&acirc;teau L&acute;Evangile 1970 - 94.5 points
40. Domaine Gros & Fer&eacute;s Richebourg 1973 - 94.5 points