the civil defence long service medal . royal warrant . Elizabeth R . Elizabeth the second , by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of our other realms and territories Queen , head of the commonwealth , defender of the faith , to all to whom these presents shall come . greeting ! whereas we are desirous of honouring those who have rendered long and faithful service as members of the civil defence corps , of the auxiliary fire service , of the industrial civil defence organisation , of the warning and monitoring organisation and of the national hospital service reserve in Great Britain and of the corresponding services and organisations in Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man , we do by these presents for us , our heirs and successors institute and create a new medal and we do hereby direct that it shall be governed by the following rules and ordinances : firstly : style . - the medal shall be designated and styled the civil defence long service medal . secondly : description . - the award shall be in cupro-nickel in the form of an oval medal bearing on the obverse the crowned effigy of the sovereign and on the reverse an appropriate design . thirdly : ribbon . - the medal shall be worn on the left side attached by a suspending bar to a ribbon one and a quarter inches in width , which shall be , in colour , dark blue , with , superimposed thereon , three narrow vertical stripes of yellow , red and green respectively , the yellow stripe being worn farthest from the left shoulder . fourthly : eligibility . - those eligible shall be persons who are or were within three years before the date of this our warrant , members of one of the services or organisations set out in appendix 1 to this our warrant , hereinafter referred to as the civil defence services , and have rendered the qualifying service required by this our warrant . fifthly : qualifying service . - the qualifying service requisite for the medal shall be fifteen years efficient service in one or more of the civil defence services subsequent to the date of the establishment of the service or organisation in question as set out in appendix 1 to this our warrant : provided that service rendered in the United Kingdom or the Isle of Man in one or more of the former organisations set out in appendix 2 to this our warrant , before the dates set out therein , shall also be treated as qualifying service : provided also that no account shall be taken of any service which , in the case of the person concerned , has been reckoned as qualifying service for the fire brigade long service and good conduct medal or for the women &apos;s voluntary service medal or clasp . sixthly : long service clasp . - an additional clasp which shall be attached to the ribbon and shall bear upon it the words long service may be awarded for each additional twelve years satisfactory service subsequent to that for which the medal was awarded and for each clasp awarded a small silver rose emblem shall be added to the ribbon when worn alone . the reckoning of such service shall be governed by the rules relative to the reckoning of qualifying service for the medal itself as set out in the fifth clause of this our warrant . seventhly : delegated powers . - delegated powers to make awards under this our warrant shall be vested in our appropriate Ministers namely our Secretary of state for the home department , our Secretary of state for Scotland , our Minister of health , and our Minister of home affairs for Northern Ireland as the case may be . eighthly : submission of names . - the names of persons eligible for the medal shall be submitted to the appropriate Minister in accordance with arrangements made by him or her in respect of the civil defence service concerned , and no award shall be made unless the submission is accompanied by a certificate that - ( a ) the person has been , throughout the qualifying period , a member of the civil defence services , or of one or more of the former organisations set out in appendix 2 to this our warrant ; ( b ) the person has either ( 1 ) completed the appropriate standard training and rendered to the satisfaction of the authority or authorities concerned such service as has been properly required of him or her in the civil defence services , or ( 2 ) , in the case of a member of the national hospital service reserve , or , in Northern Ireland , of the hospital service reserve , whose training or duties , or both , are such that they may coincide with qualifications required for the service medal of the order of St John or the voluntary medical service medal , that the member has completed to the satisfaction of the authority or authorities concerned not less than 12 duties annually disregarding duties which have been , are being or will be reckoned for the purpose of either of those two awards ; and ( c ) the person is in every way deserving of the medal . ninthly : registration . - the names of all those to whom the medal or the clasp is awarded shall be recorded in the home office , the ministry of health , the Scottish home department , the department of health for Scotland , the ministry of home affairs for Northern Ireland or government office , Isle of Man , as the case may be . tenthly : order of wear . - in the official list showing the order in which orders , decorations and medals should be worn the civil defence long service medal shall be placed immediately after the royal observer corps medal . eleventhly : miniatures . - reproductions of the medal , known as miniature medals , which may be worn on certain occasions by those to whom the medal is awarded , shall be approximately half the size of the civil defence long service medal , and a sealed pattern of the miniature medal shall be kept in the central Chancery of our orders of knighthood . twelfthly : cancellation and restoration . - it shall be competent for the appropriate Minister to cancel and annul the conferment of the civil defence long service medal or long service clasp on any person , and also to restore the medal or clasp which has been so forfeited . lastly : annulment . - we reserve to ourself , our heirs and successors , full power of annulling , altering , abrogating , augmenting , interpreting or dispensing with these rules and ordinances , or any part thereof , by a notification under our sign manual . given at our court at St James &apos;s this nineteenth day of January , one thousand nine hundred and sixty-one , in the ninth year of our reign . by her majesty &apos;s command , Harold Macmillan . to the right Hon Selwyn Lloyd , C.B.E , T.D , Q.C , M.P , Chancellor of the exchequer . control of public expenditure . the select committee on estimates published a report in 1958 on Treasury control of expenditure . they recommended that a small independent committee , which should have access to cabinet papers , be appointed to report upon the theory and practice of Treasury control of expenditure . the Treasury &apos;s observations on the report recorded the conclusion of the government that they could not accept the committee &apos;s recommendation in favour of an outside committee , but that they had decided to set in hand a review of the principles and practice which govern the control by the executive of public expenditure . it was also stated that this would be an internal enquiry under the authority of the Chancellor of the exchequer , and that on some aspects of it the government proposed to seek advice from persons with appropriate knowledge and experience who were not members of the government or in the government service . 2 . in accordance with these decisions your predecessor announced in the summer of 1959 that I had been appointed by him to take general charge of this work aided by a group consisting of persons from outside the government service and senior officials drawn from departments including the Treasury . later it was announced that Sir Sam Brown , Sir Jeremy Raisman and Mr J E Wall had been appointed to the group . 3 . the announcement of the enquiry made it clear that our proceedings and recommendations to Ministers would be confidential . we could not have carried out the survey which we have been able to make on any other basis . as our enquiry developed we submitted to your predecessor and to you a series of confidential reports . it was always our intention to consolidate these at the end , and we have prepared the attached report in order to do so in a form in which , if you saw fit , it could be published . 4 . in tendering advice which the government may wish to publish we are not unmindful of the position of our civil service colleagues and therefore , notwithstanding their full participation in the work of the group , we consider it more appropriate that our report should be submitted in the names of the members from outside the government service , who take responsibility for it . consequently what is said in it is in the names of Sir Sam Brown , Sir Jeremy Raisman , Mr J E Wall and myself . it does not follow from this procedure however that those civil servants who have taken part in the work of the enquiry in any way dissent from the views expressed or the recommendations made , either in general or in particular . on behalf of the group , Plowden Chairman . 9th June , 1961 . report on the control of public expenditure . 1 . at our first meeting in October , 1959 , we decided to concentrate in full committee on the central problem of public expenditure , which is the determination of policy and the distribution of resources , while studying in smaller groups particular aspects of expenditure control or areas of expenditure . for these studies we co-opted the permanent Secretaries of the departments with whose expenditure we were concerned or who had special experience of the general problems under review . in some cases we sought specialist advice from outside the civil service . we decided , however , not to take evidence from outside bodies : our review was primarily concerned with the inner working of the Treasury and the departments , and was necessarily confidential in character , and we decided that the group itself ( except on certain specialist matters ) provided a sufficient body of outside opinion to bring to bear on this task . 2 . a comprehensive review of the principles and practice of the control of public expenditure would take many years . there are large tracts of the territory which we have hardly touched . the method which we adopted , however , which was in effect a continuous consultation with the permanent Secretaries and other officials of the major departments over a period of nearly two years , has , we believe , given us a sufficient insight into the matter . we are confident that our conclusions would not be changed by more prolonged examination . 3 . in our judgment , the crucial questions are not those of detail : the precise nature of the organisation and chains of command within and between departments , important though these are . the real problems are wider : what the machine of government is trying to do , what its attitudes are , what it regards as important , and its approach to its work on all matters involving public expenditure . these are not always clear cut , and they do not lend themselves readily to specific recommendations ; but we are confident that here is the kernel of the matter . the whole of this report is designed to suggest what might be the most fruitful lines of development in the future . 4 . before we proceed to the substance of the report , we may perhaps usefully comment on what we have seen of the work of the civil service in the course of this enquiry . those of us who are outside the civil service have considerable experience of it , here and overseas , but this has been a favourable opportunity to see it and study it in action . there have been changes , both in scope and character , in the activities of government in the last two decades , which have produced strains in traditional structures and practices . we have been impressed by the way the service has adapted itself to deal with these changes . 